GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN (Gallus domesticus) POPULATIONS IN KANO STATE

Résumé

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of three genotypes of indigenous chicken in Kano state, Nigeria was carried out. Twenty-four (24) matured free-ranging chickens between the ages of 6 months and above were sampled. The chickens were observed individually and classified into the genotypes based on the expression of feather distribution and structure phenotypically. Two (2 ml) of blood samples from each genotype were collected and genomic DNA was extracted individually using Quick DNA Kits. Five microsatellite markers were used for genotyping, and the data generated were subjected to analysis in GenAlex software (version 6.5). Nei‘s genetic distances among all the populations were: 0.078 (normal feathered versus naked neck chickens), 0.084 (normal feathered versus frizzle feathered chickens) and 0.174 (naked neck versus frizzle feathered chickens). Phylogenetic tree showed that two clusters were identified; Normal and Frizzle feathered, joined by the Naked neck genotype which was separated from the others. Relatively high genetic distance was discovered and phylogenetic tree showed two hierarchical clusters between the populations. It is recommended that conservation and improvement strategies be adopted to curb further genetic dilution and erosion.