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TY - JOUR AU - Nwoche, G. N. AU - Ojewola, G. S. AU - Akinmutimi, A. H. PY - 2021/02/01 Y2 - 2026/08/26 TI - Utilization of rice milling waste (RMW) in local turkey diets: effect on haematological indices and blood chemistry JF - Nigerian Journal of Animal Production JA - NJAP VL - 38 IS - 2 SE - Articles DO - 10.51791/njap.v38i2.2802 UR - https://mail.njap.org.ng/index.php/njap/article/view/2802 SP - 115 - 121 AB - <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">One </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">hundred </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Local </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Turkey </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Poults </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">brooded </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">on </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">commercial </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">broiler </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">starter </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">mash </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">for </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">four </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">weeks </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">were </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">utilized </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">a </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Completely </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Randomized </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Design Experiment </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">to </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">evaluate </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">effect </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">feeding </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">varying </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">levels </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rice Milling </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Waste </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">0</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">2</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">5</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">50</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">7</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">5</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">% </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">100</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">on </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">haematological </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">blood </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">chemistry </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">indices </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gro</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">er </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">turke</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">y</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">s</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fi</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ve </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gr</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ow</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">er </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">diets </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ere </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">respectively </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">formulated </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">such </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">that </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">rice-milling</span></em> <span style="font-weight: 400;">waste </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">as </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">substituted </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">for </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">maize </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">at </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">0</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">25</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">5</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">0</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">75</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">% </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">100</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">%</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">he </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">poults </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">were </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">randomly </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">assigned </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">to </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">five </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">experimental </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">diets</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">having </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">20 poults </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">per </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">treatment</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Each </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">treatment </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">group </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">as </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">replicated </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">t</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ice </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">with </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">10 </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">poults </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">per </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">replicate </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">at </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gro</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">er </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">phases</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Feed </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">a</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ter </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">were </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">prov</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ided </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ad</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">-</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">libitum</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">study </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">lasted </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">20 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">eeks </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">covering </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">a </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gr</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ow</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">i</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ng </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">period </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">16 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">wee</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ks </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">an</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">d </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finishing </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">period </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">4 </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">wee</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ks</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Haematological </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">indices </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">interest </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hb</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PCV</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">WBC </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">RBC</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">blood </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">chemistry </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">measurement </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Creatine</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Urea</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alkaline </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">phosphate</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Albumen </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Globulin</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">were </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">measured</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Results </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">obtained </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">sho</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ed </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">that </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">substituting </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">maize </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">with </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">50</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">% </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">RMW </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">produced superior </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">blood </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">quality </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">terms </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hb </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">counts</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">white </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">blood </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">cell </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">red </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">blood cells </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">at </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gro</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">er </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">phases</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Considering </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the biochemical </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">v</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">alues</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">50</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">% </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">substitution also proved </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">superior </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">to </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">other </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">treatment </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">groups </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">terms </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Albumen</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Globulin </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Total </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">protein </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">concentration</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">at </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gro</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">wer </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">phases</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">It </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">as </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">concluded </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">that</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">substituting </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">maize </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ith </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">50</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">% </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">rice </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">milling </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">aste </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">enhanced </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">haematological </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">v</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">alues </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">serum </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">biochemical </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">indices </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gro</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">er </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">finisher </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">turkey</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">s</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">w</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">hich </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in turn le</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">d </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">t</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">o </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">enhanced </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">biological </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">performance </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">of </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">turkeys </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">placed </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">on </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">this </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">diet</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></em></p><p>&nbsp;</p> ER -