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@article{Chia_Machebe_2025, title={SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT BUCKS SUPPLEMENTED WITH BITTER KOLA (Garcinia kola) SEED CRUDE EXTRACT IN WATER}, url={https://mail.njap.org.ng/index.php/njap/article/view/8711}, DOI={10.51791/njap.vi.8711}, abstractNote={<p><em>The semen characteristics of rabbit’s bucks fed bitter kola seed crude extracts (BKSCE) in drinking water was </em><em>investigated during a 24–week study conducted at the Rabbitry unit, Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, </em><em>Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. Twenty-seven (27) nondescript rabbit bucks, aged 9–10 weeks were </em><em>assigned randomly to 3 groups of 9 bucks each that was replicated 3 times with 3 bucks per replicate in a </em><em>Completely Randomized Design. Fresh bitter kola seeds were processed and extracted by macerating 1500 g </em><em>powder per 10 L water for 24 hours followed by sieving and cold storage until used. The stored extract was </em><em>reconstituted at 0, 25 and 50% levels respectively and offered daily at a single dose (100 ml) in drinking water. </em><em>Bucks received the basal diet and 3 levels of the reconstituted extract accordingly. Semen samples were evaluated </em><em>from 18 bucks (2 per replicate) using standard procedures while data were subjected to General Linear Model </em><em>using IBM SPSS version 21. Creamy– white semen colour dominated followed by milk–white in accordance with </em><em>the BKSCE levels. Although, semen pH, volume, mass motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, sperm </em><em>count, live sperm, morphology and acrosome integrity respectively were statistically similar (P&gt;0.05), bucks </em><em>offered 25% BKSCE recorded numerically higher values in all of these seminal traits except semen volume and </em><em>normal sperm thus indicating its possible androgenic properties. In conclusion, BKSCE has potentials of </em><em>improving the seminal characteristics of rabbit bucks.</em></p>}, journal={Nigerian Journal of Animal Production}, author={Chia, S. S. and Machebe, N. S.}, year={2025}, month={Mar.}, pages={339–342} }