MESSENGER RNA VACCINE, A GENETIC TOOL TO IMPROVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION- A REVIEW

Abstract

This review explores the current understanding of mRNA vaccines, the technologies involved in their development and it examines future directions and challenges. As emerging technologies and new diseases pose threats to animal health and human food security, research into innovative methods for improving animal health is continuously evolving. One such technology under extensive study is the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in livestock production. The potential displacement of traditional livestock vaccines by mRNA vaccines remains uncertain. Factors such as manufacturing costs, the requirement for cold storage to prevent degradation, and varying efficacy of mRNA vaccine types need resolution before widespread adoption can occur. mRNA vaccines function by introducing a small piece of genetic material known as messenger RNA (mRNA) into the body. This mRNA carries instructions to produce a protein similar to a part of the virus or bacteria the vaccine targets. The immune system recognizes this protein as foreign, triggers an immune response, and creates a memory of the invader, aiding the body in combating future infections. Traditional vaccines have long safeguarded food animals against numerous diseases. Restricting the use of mRNA vaccines at this stage would forego a new approach to protecting animals from pathogens that existing vaccines may not adequately address such as African swine fever virus in pigs etc. The public needs to be educated to prevent fear stemming from disinformation or misinformation, which can lead to widespread misunderstanding and confusion. Messenger RNA vaccines have the potential to address gaps in animal disease prevention, but further advancements are needed before a vaccine for food animals can be developed