BLOOD PROTEINS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF WEANLING WISTAR RATS FED Moringa oleifera AND CRUDE SAPONIN EXTRACT

Abstract

Phytogenic compounds like Moringa oleifera offer natural alternatives to additives in animal nutrition. This study evaluated the effects of Moringa oleifera crude and saponin extract on blood proteins and Haematology in seventy (70) Wistar rats, assigned to seven dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, including a control and varying levels (1, 1.5, and 2 mg/dL) of Moringa oleifera and crude saponin extracts. Moringa extract reduced PCV (29.50%–36.75%) and Hb levels (9.83–11.98 g/dL), indicating potential dose-dependent oxidative stress effects. Although crude saponins enhanced PCV, Hb, and RBC counts, which could be due to antioxidant properties. However, treatments showed elevated WBC counts and neutrophil percentages, demonstrating immunomodulatory effects. Total protein levels declined with higher Moringa concentrations, while crude saponins enhanced protein metabolism. Corresponding values of Albumin and globulin levels varied, with saponins supporting immune function. The albumin-globulin ratio suggested an immune-stimulatory response for both treatments. Urea levels ranged narrowly between 14.33 mg/dL (2 mg/mL Moringa extract) and 15.25 mg/dL (control and several other groups), with creatinine levels remaining stable, reflecting minimal renal impact. These findings highlight the contrasting effects of Moringa and crude saponin extracts on haematological parameters, emphasizing their dose-dependent roles in modulating oxidative stress, immunity, and metabolism.